Method, device and system for programming a uav to be controlled based on communication via at least two mobile communication networks

ABSTRACT

An unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV is controlled based on communication via at least two mobile communication networks. Before takeoff, the UAV receives position data describing starting and destination points. A flight plan is set up from the starting point to the destination point by obtaining information about service coverage provided by the two mobile communication networks in a volume between the starting and destination points. A path to be followed by the UAV is calculated at least based on the obtained information. The path defines a restriction volume within which the UAV is allowed to fly from the starting point to the destination point. The path is calculated on the further basis of at least one switching criterion for changing from a communicative connection between the UAV and the first mobile communication network to a communicative connection between the UAV and the second mobile communication network.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments presented herein relate to methods, devices and systems forprogramming an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to be controlled based oncommunication via at least two mobile communication networks.

BACKGROUND

As is apparent from the acronym, a UAV is an aircraft without a humanpilot aboard. The flight of such an aircraft must therefore be remotelymonitored by a ground station through a command and control (C2) link.Additional commands may also be transmitted to the UAV during the flightthrough the channel provided by the C2 link. For obvious reasons, thisconnection is essential to the safety of the operation of an UAV.

Due to the existence of widely deployed infrastructures, mobile networkoperators (MNOs) are starting to be used as C2 link for operation ofUAVs. However, due to coverage limitations, it may sometimes benecessary to switch from one MNO to another during a flight.

US 2016/0300493 describes a device that receives a request for a flightpath, for a UAV, from a first location to a second location, andcalculates the flight path based on the request for the flight path. Thedevice determines network requirements for the flight path based on therequest, and determines scores for multiple networks with coverage areascovering a portion of the flight path. The device selects a particularnetwork, from the multiple networks, based on the network requirementsfor the flight path and based on the scores for the multiple networks.The device causes a connection with the UAV and the particular networkto be established, and generates flight path instructions for the flightpath. The device provides, via the connection with the particularnetwork, the flight path instructions to the UAV to permit the UAV totravel from the first location to the second location via the flightpath.

US 2016/0300492 and US 2017/0337218 show a device that receives arequest for a flight path, for a UAV, from a first location to a secondlocation, and calculates the flight path based on the request. Thedevice determines network requirements for the flight path based on therequest, and selects a network based on the network requirements. Thedevice generates flight path instructions, and device provides theflight path instructions to the UAV to permit the UAV to travel from thefirst location to the second location via the flight path. The devicereceives, at a particular point of the flight path, an indication thatthe UAV is leaving a coverage area of the network and entering acoverage area of a third party network, and hands off the UAV to a thirdparty device to permit the third party device to monitor traversal ofthe flight path by the UAV, via the third party network.

In the known solutions, no mechanism is specified as how to perform theconnection switching, for example from one MNO to another. However, asthe C2 connection is vital for the proper UAV operation, this might leadto several issues. First, no fallback mechanism is specified in case ofa switching error, for instance if the target network/the network to beswitched to, is momentarily unavailable. This could lead to the UAVbeing in a connectionless state without any proper communication channelwith the ground station for a period of time. Furthermore, the switchingprocedure might not be instantaneous.

SUMMARY

Therefore, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide animproved solution for controlling a UAV via at least two mobilecommunication networks, and further for controlling the switching fromone mobile communication network to another during flight.

According to a first aspect there is presented a method implemented in afirst network node for programming a UAV to be controlled based oncommunication via at least two mobile communication networks. The methodimplemented in the first network node involves: receiving position datathat describe starting and destination points respectively; and settingup a flight plan from the starting point to the destination point. Thesetting up of the flight plan, in turn, comprises: obtaining informationabout service coverage provided by at least two mobile communicationnetworks in a volume between the starting and destination points; andcalculating a path to be followed by the UAV at least based on saidobtained information. Further, the method involves: providing the pathvia a first interface of the first network node, which path defines arestriction volume within in which the UAV is allowed to fly from thestarting point to the destination point. If at least first and secondmobile communication networks provide service coverage in said volume,the method also involves calculating the path on the further basis of atleast one switching criterion for changing from a communicativeconnection between the UAV and the first mobile communication network toa communicative connection between the UAV and the second mobilecommunication network.

According to a second aspect there is presented a computer programcomprising computer code which, when run on a processing circuitry of afirst network node, causes the first network node to be configured toreceive, position data that describe starting and destination pointsrespectively; and set up a flight plan from the starting point to thedestination point. The setting up of the flight plan, in turn, involves:obtaining information about service coverage provided by at least twomobile communication networks in a volume between the starting anddestination points; and calculating a path to be followed by the UAV atleast based on said obtained information. Further, the computer programcomprising computer code which, when run on the processing circuitry ofthe first network node, causes the first network node to be configuredto provide the path via a first interface of the first network node,which path defines a restriction volume within in which the UAV isallowed to fly from the starting point to the destination point. If atleast first and second mobile communication networks provide servicecoverage in said volume, the computer program comprises code which, whenrun on the processing circuitry of the first network node, causes thefirst network node to be further configured to calculate the path on thefurther basis of at least one switching criterion for changing from acommunicative connection between the UAV and the first mobilecommunication network to a communicative connection between the UAV andthe second mobile communication network.

According to a third aspect there is presented a computer programproduct comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing theabove-described computer program.

According to a fourth aspect there is presented a method implemented ina UAV for controlling the UAV based on communication via at least twomobile communication networks, which UAV is configured to be programmedby receiving a path to be followed from a starting point to adestination point, wherein the path has been calculated according to theabove-described method, and the method implemented in a UAV involves:receiving a path to be followed by the UAV from the starting point tothe destination point; thereafter receiving a start command; in responsethereto, flying the UAV from the starting point to the destination pointalong the path; and while flying along the path, sending, repeatedly,report messages to a second network node, which report messages indicatea connection status between the UAV and one of the at least two mobilecommunication networks.

According to a fifth aspect there is presented a computer programcomprising computer code which, when run on a processing circuitry of aUAV causes the UAV to be configured to: be controlled based oncommunication via at least two mobile communication networks; beprogrammed by receiving a path to be followed by the UAV from a startingpoint to a destination point, wherein the path has been calculatedaccording to the above-described method. Moreover, the computer programcomprises computer code which, after that the UAV has received said pathcauses the UAV to be configured to receive a start command; in responsethereto fly the UAV from the starting point to the destination pointalong the path; and while flying along the path, send, repeatedly,report messages to a second network node, which report messages indicatea connection status between the UAV and one of the at least two mobilecommunication networks.

According to a sixth aspect there is presented a computer programproduct comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing theabove-described computer program.

According to a seventh aspect there is presented a method implemented ina second network node for controlling a UAV based on communication viaat least two mobile communication networks, and which UAV has beenprogrammed according to the above-described method. The methodimplemented in the second network node involves sending a start commandto the UAV, which start command is configured to cause the UAV toinitiate a flight from the starting point to the destination point alongsaid path. After having sent the start command, the method implementedin the second network node further involves receiving, repeatedly,report messages from the UAV, which report messages indicate aconnection status between the UAV and one of the at least two mobilecommunication networks.

According to an eighth aspect there is presented a computer programcomprising computer code which, when run on a processing circuitry of asecond network node for controlling a UAV based on communication via atleast two mobile communication networks, which UAV has been programmedaccording to the above-described method, causes the second network nodeto be configured to send a start command to the UAV, which start commandis configured to cause the UAV to initiate a flight from the startingpoint to the destination point along said path.

Moreover, the computer program comprises computer code which, when runon the processing circuitry of the second network node, after havingsent the start command, causes the second network node to receive,repeatedly, report messages from the UAV, which report messages indicatea connection status between the UAV and one of the at least two mobilecommunication networks.

According to a ninth aspect there is presented a computer programproduct comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing theabove-described computer program.

According to a tenth aspect there is presented a first network nodeconfigured to program a UAV to be controlled based on communication viaat least two mobile communication networks.

The network node contains a first interface and processing circuitry.The processing circuitry, in turn, is configured to: receive positiondata that describe starting and destination points respectively; set upa flight plan from the starting point to the destination point. Thesetting up of the flight plan involves: obtaining information aboutservice coverage provided by at least two mobile communication networksin a volume between the starting and destination points; calculating apath to be followed by the UAV at least based on said obtainedinformation; and providing the path via the first interface, which pathdefines a restriction volume within in which the UAV is allowed to flyfrom the starting point to the destination point. Additionally, theprocessing circuitry is configured to, if at least first and secondmobile communication networks provide service coverage in said volume,calculate the path on the further basis of at least one switchingcriterion for changing from a communicative connection between the UAVand the first mobile communication network to a communicative connectionbetween the UAV and the second mobile communication network.

According to an eleventh aspect there is presented a UAV containing acommunication interface and processing circuitry. The processingcircuitry is configured to: enable the UAV to be controlled based oncommunication via at least two mobile communication networks, beprogrammed according to the above-described method, receive a path to befollowed from a starting point to a destination point; thereafterreceive a start command; in response thereto fly from the starting pointto the destination point along the path; and while flying along thepath, send, repeatedly, report messages to a second network node, whichreport messages indicate a connection status between the UAV and one ofthe at least two mobile communication networks.

According to a twelfth aspect there is presented a second network node,which is configured to control a UAV based on communication via at leasttwo mobile communication networks, and which UAV has been programmedaccording to the above-described method. The second network nodecontains a second interface and processing circuitry. The processingcircuitry is configured to send a start command to the UAV via thesecond interface, which start command is configured to cause the UAV tofly from the starting point to the destination point along said path.After having sent the start command, the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to receive, repeatedly, report messages from the UAV via thesecond interface, which report messages indicate a connection statusbetween the UAV and one of the at least two mobile communicationnetworks.

The method embodiments, as well as the devices and systems implementingthe methods, advantageously cater for any issue occurring during themobile connection network switching operation through safety mechanismsincluded to ensure that the UAV is not left without any functioning C2Link during switching from a first to a second mobile connectionnetwork, and that the user is alerted of the progression and possibleissues occurring during the mobile connection network switchingoperation.

Embodiments presented herein also improves safety during the switchingoperation, since the flight path P generated by the method/network nodeconstitutes a safe environment for the UAV to stay during an intervalwhen it is connectionless, due of failed connection with all availablemobile connection networks. This reduces the risk of an unforeseen orun-monitored issue occurring during the transition/switching.

Another advantage is that embodiments presented herein improve flightplanning. The time and criteria for a mobile communication networkswitching operation are considered already during the flight pathplanning phase. This allows selection of a flight path taking thesecriteria into account.

Embodiments presented herein further advantageously speed up the mobilenetwork connection switching operation, by obtaining already in theflight path planning phase both the MNOs and the frequency/communicationband(s) to be used for communication during the flight, the need for theUAV to scan across all available bands during flight is removed. This isespecially relevant in 5G due to the increased number of bands supportedhere.

Yet another advantage is that embodiments presented herein leverage onthe fact that mobile communication network of different MNOs coverdifferent areas with different qualities. By providing connectivitybased on one or more soft or embedded SIM MNO profiles the UAVs canconnect to the optimal mobile communication network, based on anevaluation of at least one switching criterion along the flight.

Yet a further advantage is accomplished by embodiments presented herein,wherein the method comprises, and/or the UAV, is configured topre-program at least one modem so that mobile communication networkconnectivity is continuous during the flight. Thereby, the safety duringthe switching operation is further enhanced.

It is to be noted that any feature of the first, second, third, fourth,fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfthaspects may be applied to any other aspect, wherever appropriate.Likewise, any advantage of the first aspect may equally apply to thesecond, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth,eleventh and twelfth aspect respectively, and vice versa. Otherobjectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will beapparent from the following detailed disclosure, from the attacheddependent claims as well as from the drawings.

Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted accordingto their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitlydefined otherwise herein. All references to “a/an/the element,apparatus, component, means, step, etc.” are to be interpreted openly asreferring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component,means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of anymethod disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact orderdisclosed, unless explicitly stated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The proposed concept is now described, by way of example, with referenceto the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates how a flight path and an associatedrestriction volume for a UAV are calculated between a starting point anda destination point according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates how a flight path and an associatedrestriction volume for a UAV are calculated between a starting point anda destination point according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram illustrating how a first network node isconnected to a UAV during programming of the UAV according to oneembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram illustrating how a second network node isconnected to a UAV while flying the UAV according to one embodiment ofthe invention;

FIG. 5 is a first flow chart illustrating a method performed in thefirst network node according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 6a-b are flow charts illustrating the general method according tothe invention employed when flying the UAV and according to oneembodiment of the invention respectively; and

FIG. 7 is a generalized block diagram illustrating the methodimplemented in the second network node while controlling the UAV inflight.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The proposed concept will now be described more fully with reference tocertain embodiments. This proposed concept may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided byway of example so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete,and will fully convey the scope of the proposed concept to those skilledin the art.

We propose a solution for providing and implementing a UAV flight planbased on radio or other mobile communication network coverage,irrespective of operator, and considering the requirements for safenetwork switching operations. For each one of these operations, based onthe location, the local legislation and the UAV capabilities,embodiments presented herein enable providing the constraints requiredto ensure safe network switching. In one or more embodiments, based onresolution of these constraints, instructions are generates that are tobe followed by the UAV for each switching operation. The constraintsrequired to ensure safe network switching may comprise for example anyor all of the switching requirements described herein, i.e. a signalpower level, a signal quality level, a throughput measure, and/or alatency value.

In some embodiments the generic terminology “network node”, is used.Here, the network node can be any kind of the following nodes: groundstation of any kind, for example represented by a radio network node(for example a base station, radio base station, base transceiverstation, base station controller, network controller, gNB, en-gNB,nr-eNB, NR BS, evolved Node B (eNB), Node B, Multi-cell/multicastCoordination Entity (MCE), relay node, access point, radio access point,Remote Radio Unit (RRU) Remote Radio Head (RRH), a multi-standard BS(a.k.a. MSR BS), a core network node (for example, MME, SON node, acoordinating node, positioning node (for example location server, SMLC,E-SMLC etc.), MDT node, etc.), or an external node (for example, 3rdparty node, a node external to the current network), etc.

As described herein, during the flight, embodiments of the inventionenable monitoring of the progression of each flying and/or networkswitching related operation and can quickly send alerts to a networknode if any issue arises.

Referring now to FIG. 5, we will describe embodiments of a methodimplemented and/or performed in a network node 310 for programming anunmanned aerial vehicle 100, UAV, to be controlled based oncommunication via at least two mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2and N3 that are operated by at least two different MNOs.

Step 510: receiving position data DP describing starting and destinationpoints S and D respectively.

If position data DP has been received, the method continues with settingup a flight plan from the starting point S to the destination point D,by:

In Step 520: obtaining information about evaluating service coverage SCprovided by at least two mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2 andN3 in a volume between the starting and destination points S and Drespectively; and

In Step 530: calculating a path P to be followed by the UAV 100 at leastbased on said obtained information.

According to embodiments wherein at least first and second mobilecommunication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3 provide service coverage insaid volume, the path P is calculated on the further basis of at leastone switching criterion SW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3 for changing from acommunicative connection between the UAV 100 and the first mobilecommunication network, for example represented by N1, N11 and N2, to acommunicative connection between the UAV 100 and the second mobilecommunication network, for example represented by N11, N2 and N3. In theembodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the different mobile communicationnetworks, N1, N11, N2 and N3 may be operated by four different MNOs.Alternatively, a first MNO may be responsible for N1 and N3, while asecond MNO is responsible for N2 and a third MNO is responsible for N11.In general terms, the proposed solution is applicable wherever there aregeographical overlaps between two or more mobile communication networksoperated by at least two different MNOs.

Step 540: providing the path P via an interface 315 of the network node310, which path P defines a restriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) andVR₂(tn) within which the UAV 100 is allowed to fly from the startingpoint S to the destination point D.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the restriction volume may represent a tunnelVR1 extending from the starting point S to the destination point D.Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the restriction volume mayrepresent a limited space whose location VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn)between the starting point S and the destination point D varies overtime t0, t1 and tn.

In one or more embodiments, the calculating of the path P of Step 530may further be based on a presupposition that the UAV 100 is capable ofimplementing two or more Mobile Network Operator (MNO) profiles, sSIM1,sSIM2, sSIMm, in the soft- or embedded SIM, which may be represented byan Embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card, eUICC, as described inthe GSM-Association document “Embedded SIM Remote ProvisioningArchitecture”, Version 1.1, 30 Jan. 2014 and further that therestriction volume VR1, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn) is associated witha respective mobile communication network to which the UAV 100 shall beconnected depending on the at least one switching criterion SW1-11,SW11-2 and SW2-3 while flying along the path P.

In the context of the disclosed embodiments, the at least one switchingcriterion SW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3 may comprise evaluation of at leastone of: a signal power level, a signal quality level, a throughputmeasure, and a latency value.

In the context of the disclosed embodiments, the switching criteria e.g.SW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 involve evaluationof one or more factors that influence the UAV's possibilities and/orcapacity to communicate with the second network node 410. For example,said evaluation may therefore include comparing a received signal powerlevel in a first communication network, say N1, with a received signalpower level in a second communication network, say N2; comparing areceived signal quality level in a first communication network, say N2,with a received signal power level in a second communication network,say N3; comparing a throughput measure in a first communication network,say N1, with a throughput measure in a second communication network, sayN11; and/or comparing a latency value in a first mobile communicationnetwork, say N11, with a latency value in a second mobile communicationnetwork, say N1. If, by some standard, the power level, the signalquality level, the throughput measure and/or the latency value is betterto a sufficient degree in the communication network to which the UAV isnot connected than in the network to which the UAV is connected, aswitching criterion is deemed to be fulfilled. As a result, a switchingprocedure to the other communication network is initiated, i.e. fromsaid first to said second communication network, or vice versa dependingon the relative relationships in terms of evaluated factors, such assignal power, signal quality, throughput and latency. Thus, the UAV canbe connected to a most appropriate communication network at all timesdepending on its location and the communication capacity provided atthis location by one or more communication networks. Typically, highsignal power and high signal quality is preferred over lower ditto.However, under some circumstances, higher signal power and/or signalquality may be traded in favor of better throughput and/or less latency,for example when sending relatively large amounts of data from or to theUAV, e.g. in connection with streaming video from an onboard camera.

In some embodiments, the method illustrated in FIG. 5 may furthercomprise forwarding the calculated path P from the interface 315 to theUAV 100.

The UAV may, in any embodiment described herein, be capable of, orconfigured to, preparing for communication based on a secondsubscription in the second mobile communication network N11, N2, N3while communication is effected based on a first subscription in thefirst mobile communication network N1, N11, N2. The path P may in thesecases further define, in each portion P1, P2 of the restriction volumeVR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn) where service coverage is provided bytwo or more mobile communication networks N1 and N11; N1 and N2; N11 andN2; N2 and N3, at least one alternative subscription that the UAV 100shall prepare upon request or keep prepared/maintain in a preparedstate. The at least one alternative subscription is configured toprovide communication in at least one alternative mobile communicationnetwork different from a mobile communication network to which the UAVis presently connected. The alternative mobile communication networkalso provides service coverage in that portion P1, P2 of the restrictionvolume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn), i.e. in each portion P1 and P2of the restriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn) whereservice coverage is provided by two or more mobile communicationnetworks. In FIGS. 1 and 2, N1 and N2; N11 and N2; and N2 and N3represents such examples in the shaded portions P1 and P2 respectively.Thus, when flying along the path P in the first mobile communicationnetwork N1 and approaching or entering the second mobile communicationnetwork N2, the UAV 100 will begin to check if a first switchingcriterion SW11-2 is fulfilled when entering the portion P1. Later on,when flying along the path P in the second mobile communication networkN2 and approaching or entering the third mobile communication networkN3, the UAV 100 will begin to check if a second switching criterionSW2-3 is fulfilled when entering the portion P2, and so on. Anotherswitching criterion relating to whether the UAV 100 shall be connectedto the first mobile communication network N1 or an alternative mobilecommunication network N11 providing service coverage in the same areamay be checked along the entire portion of the path P that lies in thecoverage area for mobile communication networks N1 and N11. Preferably,the UAV 100 contains two or more instances of soft- or embedded SIMs.Namely, thereby, the UAV 100 is capable of maintaining connections totwo or more mobile communication networks simultaneously. Naturally,this reduces the risk that the connection between the second networknode 410 and the UAV 100 is broken unintentionally.

In general, during flight, the UAV 100 repeatedly monitors the qualityof the connection that it has to its current mobile communicationnetwork, i.e. at its current location. Feedback data FB based on thismonitoring is sent to the second network node 410. Thus, a coverageinformation database can be gradually enhanced, allowing for improvedpath planning in the future.

Prior to performing a switching operation, the UAV 100 is provisionedwith the required information (e.g. MNO profile, frequency bands used bythe MNO in the area) regarding the target network. This may be effectedas follows:

In connection with receiving the path from the first network node 310,the UAV 100 obtains the required information. Then, during the flight,UAV 100 is responsible for the configuration of its modem at suitablepoint in time and space considering the path P and the portions P1 andP2, where service coverage is provided by two or more mobilecommunication networks. Alternatively, the first network node 310 mayutilize provisioning tools present in the mobile communication networkto which the UAV 100 is currently connected to directly provision themodem in the, without instructing the UAV 100 in advance.

Using soft or embedded SIM, the solution enables the UAV 100 to obtain alist of mobile communication networks and/or MNOs and theircharacteristics (including frequency bands used by the MNO in the area)during the flight route, and then to also prepare its on-board MNOprofiles in the soft or embedded SIM so that the appropriate MNO profileis enabled before the UAV enters the area of that mobile communicationnetwork.

Preferably, the UAV 100 includes a software component that is configuredto handle connection management in order to improve the resilience ofthe switch operation. As mentioned above, it is advantageous if the UAV100 contains two or more instances of soft- or embedded SIMs.

The UAV 100 may emit a first notification (cf. the report message R)when the UAV 100 initiates the switching process, and a secondnotification (cf. the report message R) when the process has beencompleted. This allows efficient tracking of the UAV state by the flightcontroller.

If, for any reason the UAV 100, is unable to connect to the targetnetwork (for instance that network is experiencing technical issues) theUAV 100 is preferably configured to automatically fall back to thepreviously used network. In connection with doing so, UAV 100 ispreferably configured to emit a notification to the flight Controller(cf. the report message R). If the fallback fails, the UAV 100 ispreferably configured to keep trying to connect, alternatively try to analternative network.

For the duration of the flight the solution is also monitoring theprogress of the different network switch operations and can emit alertsif something does not unfold as expected.

A safe landing spot/safe landing location in the context of thisdisclosure Depending on the environment surrounding the path P, forexample whether it resides on the countryside, in a rural or urban area,over the sea, considering the proximity of others UAVs, the local,national or regional regulations, and other factors, the UAV might notbe allowed to be in the air during the network switch. Therefore, Step530 of calculating a path P to be followed by the UAV 100 may comprisedetermining one or more safe landing spots/safe landing locations along,or in the immediate proximity of, the restriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0),VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn), where the UAV 100 is allowed to land. The one ormore safe landing spots may be located in areas where the UAV is passingfrom the service coverage of a first mobile communication network (forexample N1) into the service coverage of a second mobile communicationnetwork (for example N2), and needs to perform a switch operation beforeleaving the coverage of the first mobile communication network in orderto maintain its connectivity with the first network node 310 and/or asecond network node 410. Such a safe landing spot may be used forlanding during the network switch operation, if this is for some reasonrequired. In more lenient conditions, it might be sufficient to reducethe speed of the UAV or to make it stationary during the network switchoperation.

In some cases, it might be desirable to maintain minimal communicationbetween the UAV 100 and the first network node 310 and/or a secondnetwork node 410 during the network switch operation. This can beachieved by for example utilizing a backup communication network, suchas a Wi-Fi network in an urban area. In one or more embodiments, the UAV100, as well as the first network node 310 and the second network node410, may be configured to communicate using a backup communicationnetwork. In some embodiments, the path P may comprise instructions tothe UAV 100 to reside (hoover, fly slowly, land etc.) in a coverage areaof the backup communication network during the network switch operation.In some embodiments the first network node 310 or the second networknode 410 may be configured to send, via their respective communicationinterface 315, 415, a control command to the UAV 100 instructing the UAV100 to reside (hoover, fly slowly, land etc.) in a coverage area of thebackup communication network during the network switch operation. TheUAV 100 may correspondingly be configured to receive said controlcommand via its communication interface 110. Referring to FIG. 3, toimplement this method, a network node 310 that is configured to programa UAV 100 to be controlled based on communication via at least twomobile communication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3 respectively maycomprise a first interface 315 and processing circuitry, the processingcircuitry being configured to: receive position data DP describing astarting point S and a destination point D; set up a flight plan fromthe starting point S to the destination point D by obtaining informationabout service coverage SC provided by at least two mobile communicationnetworks N1, N11, N2 and/or N3 in a volume between the starting anddestination points S and D, and calculating a path P to be followed bythe UAV 100 at least based on said obtained information. The processingcircuitry is further configured to provide the path P via the firstinterface 315 of the network node 310, which path P defines arestriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1), VR₂(tn) within which the UAV100 is allowed to fly from the starting point S to the destination pointD. Preferably, the processing circuitry is further configured to, if atleast first and second mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3provide service coverage in the volume between the starting anddestination points S and D, calculate the path P on the further basis ofat least one switching criterion SW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3, asillustrated by in FIGS. 1 and 2, for changing from a communicativeconnection between the UAV 100 and the first mobile communicationnetwork, for example N1, N11 or N2, to a communicative connectionbetween the UAV 100 and the second mobile communication network forexample N11, N2 or N3.

In different embodiments, the path P may define a restriction volume VR₁extending in the form of an unbroken tunnel from the starting point S tothe destination point D, as illustrated in FIG. 1, or as a set oflimited spaces, for example in the form of ellipsoids VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1),. . . , VR₂(tn) within in which the UAV 100 is allowed to fly duringdifferent time periods t0, t1, to from the starting point S to thedestination point D, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

In one or more embodiments, the UAV 100 may be capable of implementingone or more soft- or embedded SIM MNO profiles, sSIM1, sSIM2, sSIMm,which may be in the form of one or more embedded universal integratedcircuit card (eUICC). Each of the one or more mobile network operator(MNO) profiles may be configured to store an operator profile, possiblyincluding on-demand. In some embodiments, the UAV may also be configuredto have connections to be connected to more than one mobilecommunication network and/or implementing more than one MNOsimultaneously. These connections may be bundled together “over-the-top”using multipath solutions, such as for example MP-TCP (Multi-PathTransmission Control Protocol, as defined in IETF: RFC 6897 “MultipathTCP (MPTCP) Application Interface Considerations”), and/or Quick UDPInternet Connections (QUIC). The processing circuitry of the firstnetwork node 310 may correspondingly be configured to calculate the pathP on the further basis of a presupposition that the UAV 100 is capableof implementing two or more MNO profiles, sSIM1, sSIM2, sSIMm, and therestriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn) may be associatedwith a respective mobile communication network to which the UAV 100shall be connected depending on the at least one switching criterionSW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3 while flying along the path P.

The usage of a soft or embedded SIM makes it possible to execute aswitch between different mobile communication network belonging todifferent MNO operators, without having to install a physical SIM cardin the UAV for each MNO to possibly be used during the flight. Accordingto embodiments herein, the UAV is enabled to obtain information on whichMNOs that provide mobile communication networks located in the areawhere the flight path is being determined, and also whichbands/frequencies are available along the flight. Based on the obtainedinformation, a data processor integrated in, connected to, orcommunicatively coupled to the UAV may be configured to pre-program thesoft or embedded SIMs to be prepared to connect to the MNOs that arepossible communication network providers along the defined flight path.

In one or more embodiments, the UAV is configured to check if the atleast one switching criterion SW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3 is fulfilled viaevaluation of at least one of: a signal power level, a signal qualitylevel, a throughput measure, and a latency value. The at least oneswitching criterion SW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3 is preferably forwarded tothe UAV 100 along with the path P from the first network node 310.

According to embodiments wherein the processing circuitry of the firstnetwork node 310 is configured to calculate the path P on the furtherbasis of a presupposition that the UAV 100 is capable of implementingtwo or more soft or embedded SIM MNO profiles, sSIM1, sSIM2, sSIMm, andthe restriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1), VR₂(tn) may be associatedwith a respective mobile communication network to which the UAV 100shall be connected depending on the at least one switching criterionSW1-11, SW11-2, SW2-3 while flying along the path P; and/or theprocessing circuitry of the UAV 100 may in one or more embodiments beconfigured to check if the at least one switching criterion SW1-11,SW11-2, SW2-3 is fulfilled via evaluation of at least one of: a signalpower level, a signal quality level, a throughput measure, and a latencyvalue, the UAV may be configured to prepare for communication based on asecond subscription in the second mobile communication network N11, N2,N3 while communication is effected based on a first subscription in thefirst mobile communication network N1, N11, N2. The path P may in theseembodiments further define: in each portion P0, P1, P2 of therestriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn) where servicecoverage is provided by two or more mobile communication networks N1 andN11; N1 and N2; N11 and N2; N2 and N3, at least one alternativesubscription that the UAV 100 shall keep prepared/maintain in a preparedstate, which at least one alternative subscription is configured toprovide communication in at least one alternative mobile communicationnetwork different from a mobile communication network to which the UAVis presently connected, and which alternative mobile communicationnetwork also provides service coverage in that portion P0, P1 and P2 ofthe restriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn) respectively.In one or more of these embodiments, the processing circuitry mayfurther be configured to cause the first interface 315 to forward thepath P to the UAV 100 over at least one network 320.

In one or more embodiments, there is provided a computer programcomprising computer code which, when run on a processing circuitry of afirst network node 310, causes the first network node 310 to beconfigured to: receive position data DP describing starting anddestination points S; D respectively; set up a flight plan from thestarting point S to the destination point D, the setting up of theflight plan comprising: obtaining information about a service coverageSC provided by at least two mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2and N3 in a volume between the starting and destination points S and Drespectively; calculating a path P to be followed by the UAV 100 atleast based on said obtained information; and provide the path P via afirst interface 315 of the first network node 310, which path P definesa restriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn) within in whichthe UAV 100 is allowed to fly from the starting point S to thedestination point D. If at least first and second mobile communicationnetworks N1, N11, N2 and N3 provide service coverage in said volume, thecomputer code which, when run on a processing circuitry of a firstnetwork node 310, causes the first network node 310 to be furtherconfigured to: calculate the path P on the further basis of at least oneswitching criterion SW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3 for changing from acommunicative connection between the UAV 100 and the first mobilecommunication network N1, N11 and N2 to a communicative connectionbetween the UAV 100 and the second mobile communication network N11, N2and N3. In some embodiments, there is provided a computer programproduct comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing the abovedescribed computer program.

Referring now to FIG. 6a , we will describe embodiments of a methodimplemented and/or performed in a UAV 100, for controlling the UAV basedon communication via at least two mobile communication networks N1, N11,N2 and N3, and which UAV 100 is configured to be programmed by receivinga path P to be followed by the UAV 100 from a starting point S to adestination point D, wherein the path P has been calculated according toany one of the method embodiments described in connection with FIG. 5.

Step 610: receiving a path P to be followed by the UAV 100 from astarting point S to a destination point D.

Step 620: receiving a start command Scmd.

Step 630: in response to the received start command Scmd, flying the UAV100 from the starting point S to the destination point D along the pathP.

Step 640: while flying along the path P, sending, repeatedly, reportmessages R to a second network node 410, which report messages Rindicate a connection status between the UAV 100 and the at least twomobile communication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3.

Turning now to FIG. 6b , we will describe some optional embodiments ofthe method described in connection with FIG. 6 a.

As illustrated in FIG. 6b , Step 610 of receiving a path P to befollowed by the UAV 100 from a starting point S to a destination point Dmay comprise checking whether a path P has been received and, if a pathP has been received, continue with Step 620, or, otherwise, repeat Step610.

Step 620 of receiving a start command Scmd may similarly comprisechecking whether a start command Scmd has been received and, if a startcommand Scmd has been received, continue with Step 630, or, otherwise,repeat Step 620. Step 630 flying the UAV 100 from the starting point Sto the destination point D along the path P of in response to thereceived start command Scmd may further comprise flying the UAV 100 fromthe starting point S to the destination point D along the path P withina restriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) and VR₂(tn), also in responseto the received start command Scmd. In other words the received startcommand Scmd may comprise information on a path P having a startingpoint S and a destination point D, and may further in some embodimentscomprise information on a restriction volume VR₁, VR₂(t0), VR₂(t1) andVR₂(tn) in which the UAV 100 is allowed to fly along the path P.

Step 640 of repeatedly sending report messages R to a second networknode 410, which report messages R indicate a connection status betweenthe UAV 100 and one of the at least two mobile communication networksN1, N11, N2 and N3, while flying along the path P, may comprise one ormore of the Steps 641-649 described below, wherein the report messages Rmay comprise any or all of the report messages sent in Steps 644, 647and/or 648. In addition to the report messages sent in Steps 644, 647and/or 649, a report message indicating reaching the destination point Dis advantageously also sent in Step 642, if the requirements for sendingthis message are fulfilled, i.e. if the destination point D has beenreached.

Step 641: checking whether the Destination point D has been reached and,if the Destination point D has been reached, continue to Step 642, or,if the Destination point D has not been reached, continue to Step 643.

Step 642: sending a report message to the second network node 410 thatthe Destination point D has been reached, and thereafter ending themethod.

Step 643: assessing whether a trigger condition has been fulfilled bychecking whether at least one switching criterion SW1-11, SW11-2 andSW2-3 has been fulfilled and, if at least one switching criterionSW1-11, SW11-2, SW2-3 has been fulfilled, continue to Step 645, or,otherwise, continue to Step 644. Step 644: sending a report message tothe second network node 410, at a prescribed time, the report messagecomprising information indicating that none of the switching criteriaSW1-11, SW11-2 and SW2-3 has been fulfilled. Thereafter, the methodcontinues with Steps 630 and 640 of flying the UAV 100 from the startingpoint S to the destination point D along the path P and, while flyingalong the path P, repeatedly sending report messages R to the secondnetwork node 410.

Step 645: perform a network switch, from a first mobile communicationnetwork to a second mobile communication network, and thereaftercontinue to Step 646.

Step 646: assessing whether a trigger condition has been fulfilled bychecking whether the network switch of Step 645 has been successful and,if it was successful, continue to Step 647, or, otherwise, continue toStep 648.

Step 647: sending a report message to the second network node 410, thereport message comprising information indicating that a network switchhas been successfully performed. Thereafter, the method continues withSteps 630 and 640 of flying the UAV 100 from the starting point S to thedestination point D along the path P and, while flying along the path P,repeatedly sending report messages R to the second network node 410.

Step 648: maintaining a connection with the previous mobilecommunication network, for example the first mobile communicationnetwork N1 if no switch has been performed yet, and return the UAV to anearlier position on the path P, and thereafter continue to Step 649. Theearlier position may advantageously be a predefined position where it issafe for the UAV 100 to be located, either in the air or on the ground.

Step 649: sending a report message to the second network node 410, thereport message comprising information indicating that a network switchhas not been performed. Thereafter, the method continues with Steps 630and 640 of flying the UAV 100 from the starting point S to thedestination point D along the path P and, while flying along the path P,repeatedly sending report messages R to the second network node 410.

The method described in connection with FIGS. 6a and/or 6 b may furthercomprise receiving a control command Ccmd from the second network node410 and, in response to the control command Ccmd, flying the UAV 100along a path different from the originally calculated path P.

In any embodiments presented herein, the first network node 310 may beco-located with the second network node 410, for example by beingimplemented in the same unit or node.

According to one or more embodiment for flying the UAV 100 along a pathdifferent to the path P, as described herein, this may refer to the pathP being updated in response to a control command Ccmd sent from thesecond network node 410, such that the path P to be followed by the UAVin Step 630, for example, is set to the updated path P.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, to implement the method embodimentspresented in connection with FIGS. 6a and 6b , a UAV 100 may comprise acommunication interface 110 and processing circuitry 120, the processingcircuitry 120 being configured to: enable the UAV 100 to be controlledbased on communication via at least two mobile communication networksN1, N11, N2 and N3; be programmed according to the any of the methodembodiments described in connection with FIG. 5; and receive a path P tobe followed by the UAV 100 from a starting point S to a destinationpoint D. The processing circuitry 120 may further be configured toreceive a start command Scmd; in response to receiving the start commandScmd fly the UAV 100 from the starting point S to the destination pointD along the path P; and, while flying along the path P, repeatedly sendreport messages R to a second network node 410, which report messages Rindicate a connection status between the UAV 100 and one of the at leasttwo mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3. In one or moreembodiments, in addition to the report messages R, the processingcircuitry 120 may further be configured to send a report messageindicating reaching the destination point D to the second network node410, if the requirements for sending this message are fulfilled, i.e. ifthe destination point D has been reached.

In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 120 may further beconfigured to render the UAV adapted to receive a control command Ccmdfrom said second network node 410 and, in response to the controlcommand Ccmd, fly the UAV 100 along a path different from the path P. Inone or more embodiments, the path P to be followed by the UAV 100 from astarting point S to a destination point D, the start command Scmd and/orthe control command Ccmd may be received via the communication interface110, and/or the report messages may be sent via the communicationinterface 110.

In one or more embodiments, there is provided a computer programcomprising computer code which, when run on a processing circuitry of aUAV 100, causes the UAV 100 to be configured to: be controlled based oncommunication via at least two mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2and N3, be programmed by receiving a path P to be followed by the UAV100 from a starting point S to a destination point D, wherein the path Phas been calculated according to any of the method embodiments describedin connection with FIG. 5 and, thereafter: receive a start command Scmd;in response thereto fly the UAV 100 from the starting point S to thedestination point D along the path P; and, while flying along the pathP, send, repeatedly, report messages R to a second network node 410,which report messages R indicate a connection status between the UAV 100and one of the at least two mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2and N3. The computer program may further comprise computer code which,when run on the processing circuitry of the UAV 100, causes the UAV 100to be configured to receive a control command Ccmd from the secondnetwork node 410; and, in response to the control command Ccmd, fly theUAV 100 along a path different from the path P. In one or moreembodiments, there is provided a computer program product comprising acomputer-readable storage medium storing the computer program accordingto any of these embodiments.

Turning to FIG. 7, we will describe embodiments of a method implementedand/or performed in a second network node 410 for controlling a UAV 100,based on communication via at least two mobile communication networksN1, N11, N2 and N3, and which UAV 100 has been programmed according toany one of the method embodiments described in connection with FIG. 5.

Step 710: sending a start command Scmd to the UAV 100, which startcommand Scmd is configured to cause the UAV 100 to initiate a flightfrom the starting point S to the destination point D along said path P.

Step 720: after having sent the start command, receiving, repeatedly,report messages R from the UAV 100, which report messages R indicate aconnection status between the UAV 100 and one of the at least two mobilecommunication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3.

The method in the second network node 410 may further comprise one, orboth, of the optional steps 730 and 740.

Step 730 (optional): evaluating the report messages R; and if a triggercondition is fulfilled sending a control command Ccmd to the UAV 100,which control command Ccmd is configured to cause the UAV 100 to flyalong a path different from the path P.

Step 740 (optional): generating feedback information FB based on thereport messages R, which feedback information FB reflects the connectionstatus between the UAV 100 and one of the at least two mobilecommunication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3.

According to embodiments wherein step 730 and/or step 740 have beenperformed, the method in the second network node 410 may furthercomprise receiving at least one instruction relating to an adjustment ofthe path P and, in response thereto, sending the control command Ccmd tothe UAV 100.

Referring to FIG. 4, to implement the method embodiments presented inconnection with FIG. 7, a second network node 410 may be configured tocontrol a UAV 100 based on communication via at least two mobilecommunication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3, and possibly also via anintermediate network 420, and which UAV 100 has been programmedaccording to the any of the method embodiments described in connectionwith FIG. 5. The second network node 410 may comprise a second interface415 and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry being configuredto: send a start command Scmd to the UAV 100 via the second interface415, which start command Scmd is configured to cause the UAV 100 to flyfrom the starting point S to the destination point D along said path P.After having sent the start command, the processing circuitry may beconfigured to receive, repeatedly, report messages R from the UAV 100via the second interface 415, which report messages R indicate aconnection status between the UAV 100 and one of the at least two mobilecommunication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3. In one or more embodiments,in addition to the report messages R, the processing circuitry 120 mayadvantageously further be configured to receive a report messageindicating that the UAV has reached the destination point D.

In one or more embodiments, the processing circuitry may further beconfigured to evaluate the report messages R and, if a trigger conditionis fulfilled, send a control command Ccmd to the UAV 100 via the secondinterface 415, which control command Ccmd is configured to cause the UAV100 to fly along a path different from the path P.

In some embodiments, the processing circuitry may further be configuredto generate feedback information FB based on the report messages R,which feedback information FB reflects the connection status between theUAV 100 and one of the at least two mobile communication networks N1,N11, N2 and N3.

According to embodiments wherein the processing circuitry is configuredto evaluate the report messages R and, if a trigger condition isfulfilled, send a control command Ccmd to the UAV 100 via the secondinterface 415, which control command Ccmd is configured to cause the UAV100 to fly along a path different from the path P; and/or to generatefeedback information FB based on the report messages R, which feedbackinformation FB reflects the connection status between the UAV 100 andone of the at least two mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2 andN3, the processing circuitry may further be configured to receive atleast one instruction relating to an adjustment of the path P and inresponse thereto send the control command Ccmd to the UAV 100 via thesecond interface 415.

In one or more embodiments, there is provided a computer programcomprising computer code which, when run on a processing circuitry of asecond network node 410 for controlling a UAV 100, based oncommunication via at least two mobile communication networks N1, N11, N2and N3, which UAV 100 has been programmed according to the methodembodiments presented in connection with FIG. 5, causes the secondnetwork node 410 to be configured to: send a start command Scmd to theUAV 100, which start command Scmd is configured to cause the UAV 100 toinitiate a flight from the starting point S to the destination point Dalong said path P, and after having sent the start command receive,repeatedly, report messages R from the UAV 100, which report messages Rindicate a connection status between the UAV 100 and one of the at leasttwo mobile communication network N1, N11, N2 and N3. The computerprogram may further comprise computer code which, when run on theprocessing circuitry of the second network node 410 causes the secondnetwork node 410 to evaluate the report messages R and, if a triggercondition is fulfilled, send a control command Ccmd to the UAV 100,which control command Ccmd is configured to cause the UAV (100) to flyalong a path different from the path P. The computer program accordingto any of these embodiments may further comprise computer code which,when run on the processing circuitry of the second network node 410causes the second network node 410 to generate feedback information FBbased on the report messages R, which feedback in-formation FB reflectsthe connection status between the UAV 100 and one of the at least twomobile communication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3.

In embodiments wherein the computer program comprises computer codewhich causes the second network node 410 to evaluate the report messagesR and, if a trigger condition is fulfilled, send a control command Ccmdto the UAV 100, which control command Ccmd is configured to cause theUAV 100 to fly along a path different from the path P; and/or whereinthe computer program comprises computer code causes the second networknode 410 to generate feedback information FB based on the reportmessages R, which feedback in-formation FB reflects the connectionstatus between the UAV 100 and one of the at least two mobilecommunication networks N1, N11, N2 and N3, the computer program mayfurther comprise computer code which, when run on the processingcircuitry of the second network node 410 causes the second network node410 to: receive at least one instruction relating to an adjustment ofthe path P; and in response thereto send the control command Ccmd to theUAV 100. In one or more embodiments, there is provided a computerprogram product comprising a computer-readable storage medium storingthe computer program according to any of these embodiments.

1. A method implemented in a first network node for programming anunmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to be controlled based on communicationvia at least two mobile communication networks, the method comprising:receiving position data describing a starting point and a destinationpoint; setting up a flight plan from the starting point to thedestination point, the setting up of the flight plan comprising:obtaining information about service coverage provided by the at leasttwo mobile communication networks in a volume between the starting anddestination points; and calculating a path to be followed by the UAV atleast based on said obtained information; providing the path via a firstan interface of the first network node, which path defines a restrictionvolume within which the UAV is allowed to fly from the starting point tothe destination point; when the at least first and second mobilecommunication networks provide service coverage in said volume and thefirst and second mobile communication networks are operated by differentmobile network operators (MNOs), calculating the path on a further basisof at least one switching criterion for changing from a communicativeconnection between the UAV and the first mobile communication network toa communicative connection between the UAV and the second mobilecommunication network.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein thecalculating the path is further based on a presupposition that the UAVis capable of implementing two or more soft or embedded subscriberidentification module of MNO profiles, and the restriction volume isassociated with a respective mobile communication network to which theUAV will be connected depending on the at least one switching criterionwhile flying along the path.
 3. The method according to claim 2, whereinthe at least one switching criterion comprises evaluation of at leastone or more of: a signal power level, a signal quality level, athroughput measure, and a latency value.
 4. The method according toclaim 2, wherein the UAV is capable of preparing for communication basedon a second subscription in the second mobile communication networkwhile communication is effected based on a first subscription in thefirst mobile communication network, and the path further defines: ineach portion of the restriction volume where service coverage isprovided by two or more mobile communication networks, at least onealternative subscription that the UAV is configured to keep prepared,which at least one alternative subscription is configured to providecommunication in at least one alternative mobile communication networkdifferent from a mobile communication network to which the UAV isconnected, and which alternative mobile communication network alsoprovides service coverage in that portion of the restriction volume. 5.The method according to claim 1 further comprising forwarding the pathfrom the interface to the UAV.
 6. The method according to claim 1,wherein the restriction volume represents a tunnel extending from thestarting point to the destination point.
 7. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the restriction volume represents a limited space whoselocation between the starting point and the destination point variesover time. 8-9. (canceled)
 10. A method implemented in an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) for controlling the UAV based on communication viaat least two mobile communication networks, which UAV is configured tobe programmed by receiving a path to be followed by the UAV from astarting point to a destination point, the method comprising: receivinga path to be followed by the UAV from the starting point to thedestination point, wherein the path is derived at a first network nodeby the first network node: receiving position data describing thestarting point and the destination point; setting up a flight plan fromthe starting point to the destination point, the setting up of theflight plan comprising: obtaining information about service coverageprovided by the at least two mobile communication networks in a volumebetween the starting and destination points; and calculating a path tobe followed by the UAV at least based on said obtained information;providing the path via an interface of the first network node, whichpath defines a restriction volume within which the UAV is allowed to flyfrom the starting point to the destination point; when the at leastfirst and second mobile communication networks provide service coveragein said volume and the first and second mobile communication networksare operated by different mobile network operators (MNOs), calculatingthe path on a further basis of at least one switching criterion forchanging from a communicative connection between the UAV and the firstmobile communication network to a communicative connection between theUAV and the second mobile communication network; in response toreceiving the path, receiving a start command; flying from the startingpoint to the destination point along the path; and while flying alongthe path, sending, repeatedly, report messages to a second network node,which report messages indicate a connection status between the UAV andone of the at least two mobile communication networks.
 11. The methodaccording to claim 10, further comprising: receiving a control commandfrom a second network node; and in response to the control command,flying along a path different from the path. 12-23. (canceled)
 24. Afirst network node configured to program an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) to be controlled based on communication via at least two mobilecommunication networks, the first network node comprising an interface;and a processing circuitry to perform operations to cause the firstnetwork node to: receive position data describing a starting point and adestination point; set up a flight plan from the starting point to thedestination point, the set up of the flight plan comprising: obtaininginformation about service coverage provided by the at least two mobilecommunication networks in a volume between the starting and destinationpoints; and calculating a path to be followed by the UAV at least basedon said obtained information; provide the path via the interface, whichpath defines a restriction volume within which the UAV is allowed to flyfrom the starting point to the destination point; when the at leastfirst and second mobile communication networks provide service coveragein said volume if at least first and second mobile communicationnetworks provide service coverage in said volume and the first andsecond mobile communication networks are operated by different mobilenetwork operators (MNOs), calculate the path on further basis of atleast one switching criterion for changing from a communicativeconnection between the UAV and the first mobile communication network toa communicative connection between the UAV and the second mobilecommunication network.
 25. The first network node according to claim 24,wherein the first network node further to: calculate the path on thefurther basis of a presupposition that the UAV is capable ofimplementing two or more soft or embedded subscriber identificationmodule MNO profiles; and the restriction volume is associated with arespective mobile communication network to which the UAV will beconnected depending on the at least one switching criterion while flyingalong the path.
 26. The first network node according to claim 24,wherein the UAV is to prepare for communication based on a secondsubscription in the second mobile communication network whilecommunication is effected based on a first subscription in the firstmobile communication network, and the path further defines: in eachportion of the restriction volume where service coverage is provided bytwo or more mobile communication networks, at least one alternativesubscription that the UAV shall keep prepared, which at least onealternative subscription is configured to provide communication in atleast one alternative mobile communication network different from amobile communication network to which the UAV is connected, and whichalternative mobile communication network also provides service coveragein that portion of the restriction volume.
 27. The first network nodeaccording to claim 24, wherein the processing circuitry is further tocause the interface to forward the path to the UAV over at least onenetwork.
 28. The first network node according to claim 24, wherein therestriction volume represents a tunnel extending from the starting pointto the destination point.
 29. The first network node according to claim24, wherein the restriction volume represents a limited space whoselocation between the starting point and the destination point variesover time.
 30. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising: acommunication interface; and a processing circuitry to performoperations to cause the UAV to: enable the UAV to be controlled based oncommunication via at least two mobile communication networks; receive apath to be followed by the UAV from a starting point to a destinationpoint, wherein the path is derived at a first network node by the firstnetwork node: receiving position data describing the starting point andthe destination point; setting up a flight plan from the starting pointto the destination point, the setting up of the flight plan comprising:obtaining information about service coverage provided by the at leasttwo mobile communication networks in a volume between the starting anddestination points; and calculating a path to be followed by the UAV atleast based on said obtained information; providing the path via aninterface of the first network node, which path defines a restrictionvolume within which the UAV is allowed to fly from the starting point tothe destination point; when the at least first and second mobilecommunication networks provide service coverage in said volume and thefirst and second mobile communication networks are operated by differentmobile network operators (MNOs), calculating the path on a further basisof at least one switching criterion for changing from a communicativeconnection between the UAV and the first mobile communication network toa communicative connection between the UAV and the second mobilecommunication network; in response to receiving the path, receive astart command; fly the UAV from the starting point (S) to thedestination point (D) along the path; and while flying the path, send,repeatedly, report messages to a second network node, which reportmessages indicate a connection status between the UAV and one of the atleast two mobile communication networks.
 31. The UAV according to claim30, wherein the processing circuitry is to render the UAV further to:receive a control command from a second network node; and in response tothe control command, fly the UAV along a path different from the path.32-35. (canceled)